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The meridian theory is the pioneer of clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). From Shang Han Lun to Pi Wei Lun, the meridian theory has contributed important theoretical organization materials and clinical practice experience to the establishment of the diagnosis system of external and internal injuries. The acupoints contained in its clinical acupuncture and moxibustion record symptoms, and some laws summarized have been absorbed and used for reference. It shows the positive significance of its exploration in clinical diagnosis and treatment. A system of differentiation and treatment of external and internal injuries with acupuncture has not been formed, even though the meridian theory of TCM has a long history with many areas being explored, such as diseases, acupoints, acupuncture methods and stimulation amount. Therefore, this paper starts from the academic development history of meridians, reviews and analyzes the contribution and limitations of TCM acupuncture and moxibustion in the diagnosis and treatment of internal injury, in order to enlighten the current study and understanding of TCM.
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【Objective】 To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells. 【Methods】 BV2 microglia were divided into normal control group, 10%PRP control group, LPS group (LPS induction), 3%PRP+ LPS group (LPS induction, 3%PRP pretreatment), 5%PRP+ LPS group (LPS induction, 5%PRP pretreatment), 10%PRP+ LPS group (LPS induction, 10%PRP pretreatment), and the proliferation of BV2 cells was measured by CCK-8. The mitochondrial membrane potential of BV2 cells was measured by confocal microscopy, ROS was measured by fluorescence method, and NO was measured by Griess method. The protein expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, BACH1, GPX4, NRF2 and HO-1 were detected by Western blot. In addition, BV2 microglia were treated with HO-1 inhibitor and divided into normal control group, LPS group, ZnPP+ LPS group, 10%PRP+ LPS group, ZnPP+ LPS+ 10%PRP group, and the protein expressions of HO-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by Western blot. 【Results】 Compared with normal control group, PRP promoted the proliferation of BV2 cells (P<0.01). The mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, ROS production increased, the levels of NO, IL-6, TNF-α and BACH1 increased (P<0.01). However, the expression levels of GPX4, NRF2 and HO-1 decreased (P<0.01) in LPS group. Compared with LPS group, the proliferation activity and mitochondrial membrane potential of BV2 cells in 3%PRP+ LPS, 5%PRP+ LPS and 10%PRP+ LPS groups significantly increased. The levels of ROS, NO, IL-6, TNF-α and BACH1 significantly decreased (P<0.01). The expressions of GPX4, NRF2 and HO-1 in different concentrations of PRP (3%, 5% and 10%) increased (P<0.01). Moreover, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in ZnPP+ LPS group was significantly higher than that in LPS group after HO-1 inhibitor treatment. Compared with 10%PRP+ LPS+ ZnPP group, HO-1 inhibitor could reverse the effect of PRP on the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced BV2 cells (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 PRP inhibits the inflammatory response of BV2 microglia induced by LPS by activating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Irisin is a muscle factor that plays a crucial role in exercise-induced metabolic responses.Recent studies have revealed that it can boost the metabolic rate of both myocytes and adipocytes, while also enhancing mitochondrial content and dynamics.This ultimately helps to safeguard skeletal muscle, promote muscle growth, and maintain optimal muscle function.Therefore, irisin has the potential to serve as both a predictor and a biomarker for sarcopenia.In this paper, we delve into the impact of irisin on skeletal muscle, specifically exploring the synergistic relationship between irisin and mitochondria.Additionally, we investigate the effectiveness of irisin in reversing and restoring muscle atrophy, ultimately establishing irisin as a valuable target for treating sarcopenia.
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Gas vesicles are a unique class of gas-filled protein nanostructures which are commonly found in cyanobacteria and Halobacterium. The gas vesicles may scatter sound waves and generate harmonic signals, which enabled them to have the potential to become a novel ultrasound contrast agent. However, the current hypertonic cracking method for isolating gas vesicles contains tedious operational procedures and is of low yield, thus not suitable for large-scale application. To overcome these technical challenges, we developed a rapid and efficient method for isolating gas vesicles from Microcystis. The new H2O2-based method increased the yield by three times and shortened the operation time from 24 hours to 7 hours. The H2O2 method is not only suitable for isolation of gas vesicles from laboratory-cultured Microcystis, but also suitable for colonial Microcystis covered with gelatinous sheath. The gas vesicles isolated by H2O2 method showed good performance in ultrasound contrast imaging. In conclusion, this new method shows great potential for large-scale application due to its high efficiency and wide adaptability, and provides technical support for developing gas vesicles into a biosynthetic ultrasonic contrast agent.
Subject(s)
Contrast Media , Cyanobacteria , Hydrogen Peroxide , Microcystis , Proteins/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective:To anylyze the combination rule of prescriptions containing Cmnamomi Mmulus in the book of Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases based on tree analysis algorith method. Methods:By collecting prescriptions contain Cmnamomi Mmulus in the book of Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases, and applying the tree analysis algorithm method on the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform to co-occurrence calculate each layer of the prescriptions, we got the hierarchical tree structure diagram of Cmnamomi Mmulus prescriptions. Results:79 prescriptions containing 96 medicines were included, which appeared 529 times, with 7 different functions. The medicines that are frequently appeared include Cmnamomi Mmulus, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Jujubae Fructus, etc. The main effects include relieving the exterior, warming the meridians, warming yang and promoting diuresis. The tree structure diagram of the prescription is divided into seven layers, including the largest items of Cmnamomi Mmulus, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle,Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Jujubae Fructus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Ephedrae Herba, Puerariae Lobatae Radix, and the collateral drugs of Poria, Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma, etc. Conclusion:The formula tree analysis algorithm can connect the correlation between drugs in series, and show the relationship between a series of high-frequency co-occurrence drugs in the formula, which can be used for the learning of classics.
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Objective:To study the effect of thermal effect on the filling effect of bioceramic paste combined with thermal gel gutta-percha vertical obturation method in different parts of root canal.Methods:Forty single-root canal teeth samples were randomly and randomized divided into the control group, the iRoot SP group, the 10 s group and the 20 s group. All tooth samples were root canal prepared to 0.04 taper after crown removal. The control group received AH-plus paste combined with thermal gel gutta-percha vertical obturation. The iRoot SP group received iRoot SP single-point filling. The 10 s group and 20 s group received iRoot SP single-point filling combined with thermal gel gutta-percha vertical obturation, in which the root canal of the two groups were heated at 180 °C for 10 s and 20 s, respectively, before using the thermosetting gutta-percha. Methylene blue staining, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and dental microscope observation were used to analyze the occurrence of gaps in the middle and upper segment of the root canal and the apical 1/3 of the root canal after filling.Results:For the filling in the apical 1/3 of the root canal, no obvious gap appeared in the 10 s group and the 20 s group, and there was no significant difference between the dye infection depth and the control group (all P>0.05). For the filling of the middle and upper segment of the root canal, the probability of porosity is higher when using iRoot SP combined with single-point filling. Conclusions:Short-term high temperature heating will not affect the sealing effect of iRoot SP on the apical 1/3 of the root canal. For the middle and upper segment of the root canal, the filling effect of iRoot SP single-point filling combined with thermal gel gutta-percha vertical obturation method is better than that of iRoot SP single-point filling.
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With the rapid development of science and technology, more creative methods have been applied to the inheritance mode of traditional Chinese medicine, such as studying the inheritance process of famous doctorsin an objective and rigorous way. The bottleneck of information transmission from famous doctors is to collect data, process data, apply algorithms, analyze and summarize data. The integration of artificial intelligence and big data deep learning algorithm knowledge mapping technology and other technical methods has brought technological innovation for the inheritance of famous doctors. With such development, the team of the research center of TCM grand health intelligence, Institute of Information on Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, has carried out a series of professional application system research in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, centering on the planning and inheritance of famous doctors. We developed the ancient and modern medical case cloud platform, medical big data analysis platform, cloud medical APP, and famous doctor inheritance workstation. In such way, the problems were solved of low efficiency of medical case collection and the lack of objective data support and information barriers in the experience summary of famous doctors. The artificial intelligence techniques are to promote the inheritance of famous doctors' experience and improve the teaching ability and efficiency.
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Objective:To analyze the medication rules of modern physicians on treating depression syndrome, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment of depression syndrome.Methods:We collect and sort out the modern medical records of depression syndrome in the cloud platform of ancient and modern medical records (v1.5) and the modern medical records' database of famous doctors, and search CNKI, Chongqing VIP and Wanfang databases for the modern depression medical cases from journals during database establishment time to October 1, 2018. We extracted traditional Chinese medicine prescription data in the medical records, and applied the ancient and modern medical records cloud platform (v 1.5) to standardize the acquired TCM data, and integrate data mining function for frequency statistics, cluster analysis, association analysis and complex network analysis to obtain the high frequency of drugs' attributes, classification, and common drug pairs and core prescriptions of modern doctors. Results:After screening, a total of 1 984 cases were included, 3 618 cases were diagnosed, and 3 089 pieces of data of TCM prescriptions were included. A total of 1 458 medicines were involved, and the total frequency of medication was 39 634. The high frequency medicines were: Bupleurum chinense (1 546 times), Poria cocos (1 210 times), Angelica sinensis (1 167 times), Paeonia lactiflora (1 109 times) and Tulip (1 091 times). The commonly used Chinese medicines were mainly warm, flat, bitter and bitter, mostly attributed to the four meridians of spleen, lung, liver and heart. Commonly used medicines were Radix Paeoniae Alba- Bupleurum, Radix Angelicae- Bupleurum, Radix Bupleurum- Tulip, Radix Angelicae- Paeoniae Alba, Radix Angelicae- Paeoniae Alba- Bupleurum, etc. The core prescriptions were Suanzaoren Decoction, Chaihu- Shugan San and Erchen Decoction. Conclusions:Modern physicians' treating principles for depression syndrome is soothing liver and regulating qi, invigorating spleen and nourishing heart, emphasizing qi and blood, harmonizing liver, spleen and heart, and linking TCM pathogeneses.
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The international TCM clinical knowledge database is demand-oriented, fully integrated TM resources of the Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences that has accumulated for decades, with increased new resources. The resources are structured by subject indexing, classification and knowledge extraction, and are hierarchically translated by machine translation and manned proofreading. In addition, the research group also designs and develops service platform using ontology, semantic web, association relationship and other information technology. The knowledge database will provide knowledge service to TCM practitioners and the general public worldwide, and promote the internationalization of TCM.
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Objective To investigate whether the population pharmacokinetics (PPK)models can optimize the initial dosage of individualized Valproic acid (VPA)in children with epilepsy. Methods The epileptic children without taking VPA previously were recruited from October 2015 to May 2017 at the Department of Pediatrics,Peking University First Hospital,and they were divided into the PPK model group and the traditional empirical method group by randomized method. The initial VPA dosages for the PPK model group were calculated by PPK model,whereas those of the traditional empirical method group were dosed at 20-25 mg/(kg·d)regularly. The steady-state serum trough concentrations of VPA were extracted,and then the number and percentage of the patients whose serum trough concen-trations of VPA were 50-100 mg/L in the 2 groups were analyzed and compared with prospectively randomized me-thod. Results Totally 65 epileptic children were recruited and they were randomly divided into the traditional empirical method group (32 cases)and the PPK model group (33 cases). Twenty-seven children in the traditional empirical method group were observed,and 12 children had local epilepsy attack and 15 had generalized seizures;whereas among 29 cases in the PPK model group,there were 12 local attack of epilepsy and 17 had generalized seizures. VPA add-on therapy was administrated in 9 cases and 15 cases in the traditional empirical method group and the PPK model group, respectively. There were 5 cases,21 cases and 1 case with VPA serum concentrations of ＜50 mg/L,50-100 mg/L and＞100 mg/L in the traditional empirical group;while there were 9 cases,20 cases and 0 case in the PPK model group. The VPA serum concentrations of 21 cases (77. 8%,21/27 cases)in the traditional empirical method group and 20 ca-ses (69. 0%,20/29 cases)in the PPK model group were 50-100 mg/L,respectively,and the difference was not sta-tistically significant(P＞0. 05). Conclusion Although the study doesn't suggest that the established PPK model of VPA in Chinese epileptic children is superior to the traditional empirical method,the PPK model might be potentially valuable for optimized individualized dosage adjustment for those with serum trough concentrations not in the reasonable range by the traditional empirical method and with clinical seizure or brain firing activities.
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Objective: To research the medication regularity of Chinese medicine on treating urinary tract infection based on the Ancient and Modern Consilia Cloud Platform to provide references for clinical treatment of urinary tract infection.Methods: The Ancient and Modern Consilia Cloud Platform was used to screen the consilia of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of urinary tract infection, the materials mainly come from books, journal articles, famous medical studios in the modern Chinese medicine case database. Screening, cleaning, standardizing consilia, and the standardized consilia database was set up. Statistical analysis, cluster analysis and complex networks were used to analysed the core prescription, the herb medicine frequency, the herb medicine four gas, the herb medicine five flavors, the herb medicine channel tropism and other regularity of Chinese medicine treatment of urinary tract infection, and displayed visually. Results: A total of 501 prescriptions were included, a total of 245 herb medicine were involved, and liquorice, poria, dianthus superbus and rehmannia were used more frequently. The tastes are cold, neutral, sweet taste, and bitter taste. Their channel tropisms mainly belong to lung and liver. The core prescriptions are based on Bazhengsan and Zhibaidihuangwan. Conclusion: Heat, dampness and diuretic herbs are used in the treatment of urinary tract infections in Chinese medicine, and nourishing yin and kidney, and relieving the stagnation of liver at the same time.Asthenic and sthenia syndrome, appearance and essence are also taken into account.
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High-affinity α-glucosidase inhibitors were screened from Cichorium glundulosum Boiss.et Hout seed (CGS) extract by ultra-filtration affinity-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) and molecular docking.By taking 4-nitrobenzene-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) as substrate and acarbose as positive control to evaluate the inhibitory activity of CGS extract, IC50 of acarbose and CGS extract were 0.003 mg/mL and 0.447 mg/mL, respectively.Meanwhile, 4 compounds from CGS extract by UF-LC-MS were screened and identified.Then by using autodock software, the compounds that combined with α-glucosidase were well screened out, including chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A.The inhibitory activity of chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid A against α-glucosidase was verified in vitro.The results showed that the inhibitory activity of the compounds toward α-glucosidase presented the sequence of acarbose>isochlorogenic acid A>chlorogenic acid.The inhibition rate of isochlorogenic acid A was close to acarbose.The experimental results illustrated that UF-LC-MS and molecular docking could be used to screen high affinity enzyme inhibitors from CGS.
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Objective Based on the traditional Chinese medical knowledge service and sharing system, to explore the application of famous doctor Yu Ying'ao's regulating the liver method. Methods The medical records of Yu Ying'ao from the outpatient department of Chinese Academy of Sciences were used as the data source. The traditional Chinese medical knowledge service and information sharing system(V1.1.5) was applied to construct database. The regulating liver core combination of drugs, drug application mode, and combined treatment of diseases and syndromes were determined by analysis methods of frequency and association rules. Results The use of regulating liver method was often used in the treatment of irregular menstruation, cirrhosis, pain and other diseases. Differentiation of liver qi stagnation, blood stasis, liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, liver and kidney deficiency were the main TCM syndromes. Treatment included Tongluo, nourishing Yin treatment. The core drugs were Bupleurum and Rhizoma Cyperi. Conclusions The use of traditional Chinese medical service and knowledge sharing system could explore the clinical diagnosis and medication rules of regulating liver methods.
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How to discover the valuable knowledge from the large amount of prescription data accumulated in the long-term medical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the important contents of TCM modernization.Based on the prescription data of Xue' s clinical practice of many years,this paper explored the method of combining TCM network and prescription network to find out Xue' s common core drug combination.Based on 9,584 prescriptions in the Hospital Information System of Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,prescription network and drug network were constructed according to the similarity of prescription composition and drug co-occurrence relationship.Using the complex network analysis methods,such as community analysis method,to analyze the prescription and drug compatibility,the results were evaluated and analyzed by Xue and his successors.As a result,through complex network analysis,126 modular prescriptions and 4 TCM modules were obtained.One of the core components of the prescription module included Xiao Chai Hu decoction,Yin Qiao powder,and Sheng Jiang powder compound addition and subtraction.It was in consistent with the drug composition of exogenous febrile prescriptions excavated earlier.In conclusion,using the complex network methods,we can get some core drug combinations prescribed by Prof.Xue,and achieve the common compound core drug combination for treating diseases with certain vantages,laying a foundation for further inheriting and excavating Xue' s effective experience.
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Objective To explore the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) on the innate immunity of podocytes mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR)signaling pathway under high glucose (HG) condition.Methods Podocytes were divided into four groups according to the treatment:normal glucose group (NG),mannitol control group (NG+MA),high glucose group (HG) and HUC-MSCs co-culture group (HG+MSC).After 72 hours treatment,the protein levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),heat shock protein 70 (HSP70),high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1)in culture medium were measured by ELISA.Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of TLR2 and TLR4.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of TLR2,TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD-88) and phospho-P65 (p-P65).Immunofluorescence staining was used to study the localization of p-P65 in podocytes.Results High glucose induced the inflammation of podocytes by activating the TLR signaling,which increased the secretion of IL-6,TNF-α,HSP70,HMGB1,the mRNA level of TLR2,TLR4 and the protein level of TLR2,TLR4,MyD-88 and p-P65 (all P ＜ 0.05).High glucose also activated NF-κB and induced its nuclear translocation.HUC-MSCs co-culture decreased the inflammation and restrained the TLR signaling.Conclusions HUC-MSCs co-culture decreases the inflammation and innate immunity of podocytes induced by HG.
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Base on literature analysis, the paper summarized that the five core principles of the traditional Chinese medicine academic development included that the practice is the source of traditional Chinese medicine development, the culture is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine development, the inheritance is the basic approach of traditional Chinese medicine development, the classics is the important carrier of traditional Chinese medicine development, and the innovation is the power of traditional Chinese medicine development.
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Base on literature analysis, the paper summarized that the five core principles of the traditional Chinese medicine academic development included that the practice is the source of traditional Chinese medicine development, the culture is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine development, the inheritance is the basic approach of traditional Chinese medicine development, the classics is the important carrier of traditional Chinese medicine development, and the innovation is the power of traditional Chinese medicine development.
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Optimum research on famous TCM doctors’ experienced prescriptions can optimize the composition of prescriptions which originated from experienced prescriptions, clarify the functions of indications and efficacy features of experienced prescriptions. Case report forms which are normally adapted to clinical new medicine study cannot meet the demand of observational study to optimize experienced prescriptions. This article expounded design features, structure elements and collection timing and proposed requirements for information collection through practice of case report forms in the optimum research on famous TCM doctors’ experienced prescriptions, with a purpose to realize the optimization of experienced prescriptions through observational study on famous TCM doctors’ experienced prescriptions and provide evidence for further clinical research on experienced prescriptions.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical symptoms, which were main evidences in syndrome differentiation and treatment, were also main data in the clinical individual diagnosis and treatment. However, the absence of high-quality symptom ontology was still obvious in TCM clinical and data using. By analyzing the research and data of clinical phenotype ontologies associated with symptoms, this paper was aimed to introduce and sort the existing ontologies, in order to discuss related problems. Furthermore, we provided ideas and expound the importance of building data network of symptoms, diseases, genes, drugs, chemicals, side effects with the data we collected and disposed around symptoms, in order to construct TCM clinical phenotype ontology. We believed that our work will help the development of individual treatment and precision medicine in TCM. It was also the key of individual big data analysis which was urgent need to promote.
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Cardiac pacing site has an important impact on the activation sequence and systolic synchrony of heart , which is an important factor determining clinical effect of cardiac pacing .Along with expanding and use of active fixed electrode in clinic ,especially adjustable bending delivery sheath ,it makes right atrial pacing of non -tradition‐al site possible .But whether changing atrial pacing site can reduce atrial fibrillation load after pacemaker implanta‐tion is still controversial .Now the present article made a simple review about research progress of interatrial septum pacing .